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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a problem with behaviour which causes a rage of symptoms including inattentiveness (problems with concentrating), hyperactivity (being too active) and impulsiveness (difficulty staying focused).
ADHD is estimated to affect 5% of individuals worldwide. It is often diagnosed in childhood, but in some cases is not recognised until adulthood.
There are three recognised subtypes of ADHD:
Each of the three subtypes of Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may present with different symptoms:
Symptoms are commonly first seen in children of primary and middle school age. For a diagnosis of ADHD to be made symptoms must occur in two or more settings, commonly home and school. The symptoms must also be present for at least six months.
The cause of Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is not fully known, however there is evidence that it may run in some families.
Risk factors for ADHD include:
A diagnosis of Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is made as part of a longitudinal process of assessing a child, or in some cases teenager or adult.
If as an individual/parent you are concerned that you/your child displays any of the symptoms associated with ADHD the first port of call should be your general practitioner (GP).
The formal diagnosis of ADHD is made by a specialist in the condition by comparing an individual’s symptoms against a list of diagnostic criteria.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Treatment
A large proportion of treatment involves discussions with trained practitioners to learn skills to better manage problem behaviours. In addition, psychological treatment such as cognitive behavioural therapy or social skills training is recommended for older children or adults.
In addition, medication is often used to good effect. In the UK, methylphenidate or atomoxetine are usually the first line medications trialed by patients.
Medicinal cannabis can be considered when first line therapies have not achieved adequate symptom control.
